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« Les erreurs scientifiques du Coran » : différence entre les versions
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(Mosquée Al-Aqsa visitée par Mahomet) |
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D'autres versets pertinents sont le Coran 55 : 33-35 (flamme de feu et de fumée, bien que dans un contexte légèrement différent) et le Coran 72 : 8-9. | D'autres versets pertinents sont le Coran 55 : 33-35 (flamme de feu et de fumée, bien que dans un contexte légèrement différent) et le Coran 72 : 8-9. | ||
=== | ===Le ciel possède une voute céleste=== | ||
{{Main|Cosmology of the Quran}} | {{Main|Cosmology of the Quran}} | ||
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==Sociologie== | ==Sociologie== | ||
=== | ===Linguistique=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|31}}|And He taught Adam the names - all of them. Then He showed them to the angels and said, "Inform Me of the names of these, if you are truthful."}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|2|31}}|And He taught Adam the names - all of them. Then He showed them to the angels and said, "Inform Me of the names of these, if you are truthful."}} | ||
Le Coran affirme, à plusieurs reprises, que les premiers humains, "Adam et Ève", se sont parlé dans une forme de langage et que Dieu leur a enseigné les noms de "toutes choses". Cependant, la linguistique moderne a révélé que le type de phrases décrites dans le Coran n’a pas été utilisé par les premiers humains avant au moins 100 000 ans après leur apparition. Le langage des premiers humains aurait été incompréhensible pour nous, et ils n’auraient pas été capables d’exprimer les types de phrases attribuées à Adam et Ève dans le Coran. Les premières formes de communication humaine étaient très différentes de celles des langues utilisées au cours des derniers milliers d'années. | |||
Environ 1,9 million d'espèces de plantes et d'animaux ont été identifiées et nommées<ref>S. L. Pimm, C. N. Jenkins, R. Abell, T. M. Brooks, J. L. Gittleman, L. N. Joppa, P. H. Raven, C. M. Roberts, J. O. Sexton,[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1246752 The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection] ''Science'', vol. 344, no 6187, 2014</ref> parmi les quelque 8,7 millions qui pourraient réellement exister.<ref>[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce Espèce] wikipedia.org </ref> Des millions d'autres ont disparu. Bien plus nombreux encore sont les objets vivants, les galaxies, ainsi que les innombrables étoiles et planètes de l'univers. À la lumière de ces faits, il reste flou ce que signifie l'idée selon laquelle Allah aurait enseigné à Adam "tous les noms", d'autant plus que les premiers humains ne semblent pas avoir été particulièrement érudits. | |||
=== | ===L'arabe comme langue éminemment accessible=== | ||
Moins de 4 % de la population mondiale grandit en parlant arabe.<ref>[https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/Langues/2vital_expansion_tablo1.htm Les 80 premières langues du monde] ''Ethnologue'', 20e édition, Barbara F. Grimes Editor, Summer Institute of Linguistics Inc., 2016</ref> Cependant, l’arabe parlé par ce 4 % n’est pas celui du Coran, mais se compose plutôt de divers dialectes régionaux de l’arabe moderne. Ainsi, le texte du Coran est directement accessible à une petite fraction de la population mondiale. | |||
De plus, le Coran contient de nombreux mots, phrases et références dont le sens originel en arabe du VIIe siècle, non enregistré à l’époque, a été entièrement perdu dans l’histoire ou, dans certains cas, reste sujet à des débats inconclusifs. Par conséquent, bien que les musulmans soient obligés de prier et de réciter le Coran en arabe, seule une petite partie de la population musulmane peut prétendre comprendre en partie ce qu’elle récite quotidiennement. | |||
==Miracles and myths == | Ces circonstances sont difficiles à concilier avec l'affirmation du Coran selon laquelle il a été "révélé en arabe afin que les gens puissent le comprendre".{{Quote|{{Quran|43|3}}|3 - Nous en avons fait un Coran arabe afin que vous raisonniez.}} | ||
==Miracles and myths== | |||
===Humans turned apes=== | ===Humans turned apes=== | ||
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And well ye knew those amongst you who transgressed in the matter of the Sabbath: We said to them: "Be ye apes, despised and rejected." }} | And well ye knew those amongst you who transgressed in the matter of the Sabbath: We said to them: "Be ye apes, despised and rejected." }} | ||
=== Mooing statue=== | ===Mooing statue=== | ||
The Qur'an describes a statue of a calf that was capable of mooing. | The Qur'an describes a statue of a calf that was capable of mooing. | ||
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Until the Gog and Magog (people) are let through (their barrier), and they swiftly swarm from every hill. }} | Until the Gog and Magog (people) are let through (their barrier), and they swiftly swarm from every hill. }} | ||
=== Supernatural food=== | ===Supernatural food=== | ||
The Qur'an states that Jesus received a feast sent down from heaven. There have, however, never been any scientifically verified accounts of food descending from heaven. | The Qur'an states that Jesus received a feast sent down from heaven. There have, however, never been any scientifically verified accounts of food descending from heaven. | ||
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Jesus, son of Mary, said: O Allah, Lord of us! '''Send down for us a table spread with food from heaven, that it may be a feast for us''', for the first of us and for the last of us, and a sign from Thee. Give us sustenance, for Thou art the Best of Sustainers. Allah said: Lo! I send it down for you. And whoso disbelieveth of you afterward, him surely will I punish with a punishment wherewith I have not punished any of (My) creatures.}} | Jesus, son of Mary, said: O Allah, Lord of us! '''Send down for us a table spread with food from heaven, that it may be a feast for us''', for the first of us and for the last of us, and a sign from Thee. Give us sustenance, for Thou art the Best of Sustainers. Allah said: Lo! I send it down for you. And whoso disbelieveth of you afterward, him surely will I punish with a punishment wherewith I have not punished any of (My) creatures.}} | ||
=== Stick turned serpent=== | ===Stick turned serpent === | ||
The Quran states that Moses' staff transformed into a serpent. There is no scientific evidence that suggests such a transformation would be possible.{{Quote|{{Quran|7|107}}| | The Quran states that Moses' staff transformed into a serpent. There is no scientific evidence that suggests such a transformation would be possible.{{Quote|{{Quran|7|107}}| | ||
Then (Moses) threw his rod, and behold! it was a serpent, plain (for all to see)! }} | Then (Moses) threw his rod, and behold! it was a serpent, plain (for all to see)! }} | ||
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On the Day when their tongues, their hands, and their feet will bear witness against them as to their actions. }} | On the Day when their tongues, their hands, and their feet will bear witness against them as to their actions. }} | ||
=== Sea split in half === | ===Sea split in half=== | ||
The Quran present a version of the story where Moses splits the sea and crosses it with the Israelites. Scientific research does not suggest that this is possible. | The Quran present a version of the story where Moses splits the sea and crosses it with the Israelites. Scientific research does not suggest that this is possible. | ||
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And remember '''We divided the sea for you''' and saved you and drowned Pharaoh's people within your very sight. }} | And remember '''We divided the sea for you''' and saved you and drowned Pharaoh's people within your very sight. }} | ||
=== Manipulating the wind=== | ===Manipulating the wind=== | ||
The Quran says that Solomon had the power to control the wind and traditional sources elaborate that Solomon could use this wind to fly upon a gigantic wooden carpet to wherever he pleased. Scientific research does not suggest that this is possible. Historical research also fails to find any real record of a king traveling the earth upon a m flying carpet. | The Quran says that Solomon had the power to control the wind and traditional sources elaborate that Solomon could use this wind to fly upon a gigantic wooden carpet to wherever he pleased. Scientific research does not suggest that this is possible. Historical research also fails to find any real record of a king traveling the earth upon a m flying carpet. | ||
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And We said: Smite him with some of it. Thus Allah bringeth the dead to life and showeth you His portents so that ye may understand. }} | And We said: Smite him with some of it. Thus Allah bringeth the dead to life and showeth you His portents so that ye may understand. }} | ||
===Mountains and birds sing psalms=== | ===Mountains and birds sing psalms === | ||
The Qur'an states that hills and birds would sing the psalms with David. Scientific research does not suggest that hills can sing, and no birds living the proximity of David were or are capable of imitating human sounds.{{Quote|{{Quran|34|10}}| | The Qur'an states that hills and birds would sing the psalms with David. Scientific research does not suggest that hills can sing, and no birds living the proximity of David were or are capable of imitating human sounds.{{Quote|{{Quran|34|10}}| | ||
And assuredly We gave David grace from Us, (saying): O ye hills and birds, echo his psalms of praise! And We made the iron supple unto him}} | And assuredly We gave David grace from Us, (saying): O ye hills and birds, echo his psalms of praise! And We made the iron supple unto him}} | ||
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==Other== | ==Other== | ||
===Nonmathematical hereditary laws=== | === Nonmathematical hereditary laws=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|11-12}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|4|11-12}}| | ||