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Coran, hadith et savants : Aicha (voir la source)

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[[Aisha]] was Prophet [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] was the favorite of Muhammad's wives. He married her when she was six to seven years old and consummated the marriage when she was nine [[Islamic Lunar Calendar|lunar years]] old according to the tradition (see  "[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha#Aisha's Age at Consummation and Marriage|Aisha's Age at Consummation and Marriage]]"), making her Muhammad's youngest bride. Her young age is also seen in the tradition as proof of her pristine virginity at the time of her marriage to the prophet. Muhammad preferred to sleep with and have sex with Aisha above all of his other wives, and according to the tradition he died in her arms. As the favorite wife of the prophet, she was given a pre-eminent place amongst the companions of the prophet and in the [[Isnad|isnads]] of the [[hadith]] she plays a pivotal role as the originator of many traditions. If the Islamic historical narrative is to be believed, she played a key role in the struggle for power within the caliphate after the Arab conquests; during the [[First Fitna]] she lead an army against [[Ali]] to lay claim to the caliphate, but was defeated at the Battle of the Camel.  
[[Aisha]] était la femme préférée du prophète [[Muhammad|Mahomet]]. Il l'a épousée alors qu'elle avait six ou sept ans et a consommé le mariage lorsqu'elle avait neuf [[Islamic Lunar Calendar|années lunaires]], selon la tradition (voir "[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha#Aisha's Age at Consummation and Marriage|L'âge d'Aisha à la consommation et au mariage]]"), faisant d'elle la plus jeune épouse de Mahomet. Son jeune âge est également vu dans la tradition comme une preuve de sa virginité intacte au moment de son mariage avec le prophète. Mahomet préférait dormir avec et avoir des relations avec Aisha plus que toutes ses autres épouses, et selon la tradition, il est mort dans ses bras. En tant qu'épouse favorite du prophète, elle occupait une place prééminente parmi les compagnons du prophète et dans les [[Isnad|isnads]] des [[hadith]], où elle joue un rôle central en tant qu'origine de nombreuses traditions. Si l'on croit au récit historique islamique, elle a joué un rôle clé dans la lutte pour le pouvoir au sein du califat après les conquêtes arabes ; lors de la [[First Fitna|Première Fitna]], elle a mené une armée contre [[Ali]] pour revendiquer le califat, mais a été vaincue à la bataille du Chameau.


==Aisha's Relation to Muhammad==
==Raisons du Mariage==


===Aisha was Muhammad's Foster Niece===
===Ordres Divins===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|18}}|Narrated 'Ursa: The Prophet asked Abu Bakr for 'Aisha's hand in marriage. '''Abu Bakr said "''But I am your brother."''''' The Prophet said, "You are my brother in Allah's religion and His Book, but she (Aisha) is lawful for me to marry."}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|235}}|Rapporté par 'Aisha : Le Prophète m'a dit : "Tu m'as été montrée deux fois en rêve. Je t'ai vue représentée sur un morceau de soie et quelqu'un m'a dit : 'Voici ta femme.' Lorsque j'ai découvert l'image, j'ai vu que c'était toi. J'ai dit : 'Si cela vient d'Allah, cela se fera."|Voir aussi {{Bukhari|9|87|140}}}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|87|140}}|Rapporté par 'Aisha : L'Apôtre d'Allah m'a dit : "Tu m'as été montrée deux fois (en rêve) avant que je ne t'épouse. J'ai vu un ange te porter dans un morceau de soie et j'ai dit : 'Découvre-la,' et voilà, c'était toi. J'ai dit (à moi-même) : 'Si cela vient d'Allah, alors cela doit arriver.'"}}


===Muhammad Refused to Marry a Different Foster Niece===
===Mahomet aimait caresser les vierges===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|37}}|Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: It was said to the Prophet, "Won't you marry the daughter of Hamza?" '''He said, "She is my foster niece (brother's daughter). "'''}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|38|504}}|Rapporté par Jabir bin 'Abdullah : J'accompagnais le Prophète lors d'un voyage et je montais un chameau lent qui traînait derrière les autres. Le Prophète passa près de moi et demanda : "Qui est-ce ?" Je répondis : "Jabir bin 'Abdullah." Il demanda : "Qu'y a-t-il, pourquoi es-tu en retard ?" Je répondis : "Je monte un chameau lent." Il demanda : "As-tu un bâton ?" Je répondis par l'affirmative. Il dit : "Donne-le-moi." Quand je le lui ai donné, il frappa le chameau et le réprimanda. Ensuite, ce chameau dépassa les autres. Le Prophète dit : "Vends-le-moi." Je répondis : "C'est (un cadeau) pour toi, ô Apôtre d'Allah." Il dit : "Vends-le-moi. Je l'ai acheté pour quatre dinars (pièces d'or) et tu peux continuer à le monter jusqu'à Médine." Lorsque nous approchâmes de Médine, je commençai à partir vers ma maison. Le Prophète dit : "Où vas-tu ?" Je dis : "Je me suis marié avec une veuve." '''Il dit : "Pourquoi n'as-tu pas épousé une vierge pour vous caresser l'un l'autre ?"''' Je dis : "Mon père est mort et a laissé des filles, alors j'ai décidé d'épouser une veuve (une femme expérimentée) pour s'occuper d'elles." Il dit : "Bien joué." Lorsque nous sommes arrivés à Médine, l'Apôtre d'Allah dit : "Ô Bilal, paie-lui (le prix du chameau) et donne-lui de l'argent supplémentaire." Bilal me donna quatre dinars et un qirat en plus. (Un sous-narrateur dit) : Jabir ajouta : "Le qirat supplémentaire de l'Apôtre d'Allah ne m'a jamais quitté." Le qirat était toujours dans la bourse de Jabir bin 'Abdullah.}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|38}}|Narrated Um Habiba: (daughter of Abu Sufyan) I said, "O Allah's Apostle! Marry my sister. the daughter of Abu Sufyan." The Prophet said, "Do you like that?" I replied, "Yes, for even now I am not your only wife and I like that my sister should share the good with me." The Prophet said, "But that is not lawful for me." I said, We have heard that you want to marry the daughter of Abu Salama." He said, "(You mean) the daughter of Um Salama?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Even if she were not my step-daughter, she would be unlawful for me to marry as she is my foster niece. I and Abu Salama were suckled by Thuwaiba. So you should not present to me your daughters or your sisters (in marriage)." Narrated 'Ursa; Thuwaiba was the freed slave girl of Abu Lahb whom he had manumitted, and then she suckled the Prophet. When Abu Lahb died, one of his relatives saw him in a dream in a very bad state and asked him, "What have you encountered?" Abu Lahb said, "I have not found any rest since I left you, except that I have been given water to drink in this (the space between his thumb and other fingers) and that is because of my manumitting Thuwaiba."}}
==Abus==


==Reasons for the Marriage==
===Abu Bakr frappa Aisha===


===Divine Orders===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|82|828}}|Rapporté par Aisha : Abu Bakr s'approcha de moi et '''me frappa violemment avec son poing''' et dit : "Tu as retenu les gens à cause de ton collier." Mais je restai immobile comme si j'étais morte de peur de réveiller l'Apôtre d'Allah bien que ce coup fût très douloureux.}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|235}}|Narrated 'Aisha: That the Prophet said to her, "You have been shown to me twice in my dream. I saw you pictured on a piece of silk and some-one said (to me). 'This is your wife.' When I uncovered the picture, I saw that it was yours. I said, 'If this is from Allah, it will be done."|See Also {{Bukhari|9|87|140}}}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|7|330}}|Rapporté par 'Aisha : (l'épouse du Prophète) Nous partîmes avec l'Apôtre d'Allah lors de l'un de ses voyages jusqu'à ce que nous atteignîmes Al-Baida' ou Dhatul-Jaish, un de mes colliers se cassa (et fut perdu). L'Apôtre d'Allah s'arrêta là pour le chercher, et ainsi firent les gens avec lui. Il n'y avait pas d'eau à cet endroit, alors les gens allèrent voir Abu Bakr As-Siddiq et dirent : "Ne vois-tu pas ce qu'Aisha a fait ? Elle a fait rester l'Apôtre d'Allah et les gens là où il n'y a pas d'eau et ils n'ont pas d'eau avec eux." Abu Bakr vint pendant que l'Apôtre d'Allah dormait la tête sur ma cuisse. Il me dit : "Tu as retenu l'Apôtre d'Allah et les gens là où il n'y a pas d'eau et ils n'ont pas d'eau avec eux." Il m'admonesta et dit ce qu'Allah voulut qu'il dise '''et me frappa sur le flanc avec sa main'''. Rien ne m'empêcha de bouger (à cause de la douleur) sauf la position de l'Apôtre d'Allah sur ma cuisse. L'Apôtre d'Allah se leva lorsque l'aube se leva et il n'y avait pas d'eau. Alors Allah révéla les Versets du Tayammum. Ils effectuèrent tous le Tayammum. Usaid bin Hudair dit : "Ô la famille d'Abu Bakr ! Ce n'est pas votre première bénédiction." Ensuite, le chameau sur lequel j'étais monté bougea et le collier fut retrouvé en dessous.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|87|140}}|Narrated 'Aisha: Allah's Apostle said to me, "You were shown to me twice (in my dream) before I married you. I saw an angel carrying you in a silken piece of cloth, and I said to him, 'Uncover (her),' and behold, it was you. I said (to myself), 'If this is from Allah, then it must happen.' Then you were shown to me, the angel carrying you in a silken piece of cloth, and I said (to him), 'Uncover (her), and behold, it was you. I said (to myself), 'If this is from Allah, then it must happen.' "}}


===Muhammad liked to Fondle Virgins===
{{Quote|{{Muslim|9|3506}}|Jabir b. 'Abdullah (qu'Allah soit satisfait de lui) rapporta : Abu Bakr (qu'Allah soit satisfait de lui) vint et demanda la permission de voir l'Apôtre d'Allah (paix et bénédiction sur lui). Il trouva des gens assis à sa porte et aucun d'eux n'avait été autorisé, mais la permission fut accordée à Abu Bakr et il entra... '''Abu Bakr (qu'Allah soit satisfait de lui) se leva alors et alla vers 'A'isha (qu'Allah soit satisfait d'elle) et la frappa au cou, et 'Umar se leva devant Hafsa et la frappa en disant :''' "Vous demandez à l'Apôtre d'Allah (paix et bénédiction sur lui) ce qu'il ne possède pas."


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|38|504}}|Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: I was accompanying the Prophet on a journey and was riding a slow camel that was lagging behind the others. The Prophet passed by me and asked, "Who is this?" I replied, "Jabir bin 'Abdullah." He asked, "What is the matter, (why are you late)?" I replied, "I am riding a slow camel." He asked, "Do you have a stick?" I replied in the affirmative. He said, "Give it to me." When I gave it to him, he beat the camel and rebuked it. Then that camel surpassed the others thenceforth. The Prophet said, "Sell it to me." I replied, "It is (a gift) for you, O Allah's Apostle." He said, "Sell it to me. I have bought it for four Dinars (gold pieces) and you can keep on riding it till Medina." When we approached Medina, I started going (towards my house). The Prophet said, "Where are you going?" I Sad, "I have married a widow." '''He said, "Why have you not married a virgin to fondle with each other?"''' I said, "My father died and left daughters, so I decided to marry a widow (an experienced woman) (to look after them)." He said, "Well done." When we reached Medina, Allah's Apostle said, "O Bilal, pay him (the price of the camel) and give him extra money." Bilal gave me four Dinars and one Qirat extra. (A sub-narrator said): Jabir added, "The extra Qirat of Allah's Apostle never parted from me." The Qirat was always in Jabir bin 'Abdullah's purse.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|16}}|Narrated Jabir bin Abdullah: While we were returning from a Ghazwa (Holy Battle) with the Prophet, I started driving my camel fast, as it was a lazy camel A rider came behind me and pricked my camel with a spear he had with him, and then my camel started running as fast as the best camel you may see. Behold! The rider was the Prophet himself. He said, 'What makes you in such a hurry?" I replied, I am newly married " He said, "Did you marry a virgin or a matron? I replied, "A matron." '''He said, "Why didn't you marry a young girl so that you may play with her and she with you?"''' When we were about to enter (Medina), the Prophet said, "Wait so that you may enter (Medina) at night so that the lady of unkempt hair may comb her hair and the one whose husband has been absent may shave her pubic region.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|17}}|Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: When I got married, Allah's Apostle said to me, "What type of lady have you married?" I replied, "I have married a matron' '''He said, "Why, don't you have a liking for the virgins and for fondling them?" Jabir also said: Allah's Apostle said, "Why didn't you marry a young girl so that you might play with her and she with you?''''}}


==Abuse==
===Muhammad struck Aisha===
{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|2127}}|... He (Muhammad b. Qais) then reported that it was 'A'isha who had narrated this: Should I not narrate to you about myself and about the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)? We said: Yes. She said: When it was my turn for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) to spend the night with me, he turned his side, put on his mantle and took off his shoes and placed them near his feet, and spread the corner of his shawl on his bed and then lay down till he thought that I had gone to sleep. He took hold of his mantle slowly and put on the shoes slowly, and opened the door and went out and then closed it lightly. I covered my head, put on my veil and tightened my waist wrapper, and then went out following his steps till he reached Baqi'. He stood there and he stood for a long time. He then lifted his hands three times, and then returned and I also returned. He hastened his steps and I also hastened my steps. He ran and I too ran. He came (to the house) and I also came (to the house). I, however, preceded him and I entered (the house), and as I lay down in the bed, he (the Holy Prophet) entered the (house), and said: Why is it, O 'A'isha, that you are out of breath? I said: There is nothing. He said: Tell me or the Subtle and the Aware would inform me. I said: Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be ransom for you, and then I told him (the whole story). He said: Was it the darkness (of your shadow) that I saw in front of me? I said: Yes. '''He struck me on the chest which caused me pain''', and then said: Did you think that Allah and His Apostle would deal unjustly with you?..."}}
===Abu Bakr struck Aisha===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|82|828}}|Narrated Aisha:Abu Bakr came to towards me and '''struck me violently with his fist''' and said, "You have detained the people because of your necklace." But I remained motionless as if I was dead lest I should awake Allah's Apostle although that hit was very painful.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|7|330}}|Narrated 'Aisha: (the wife of the Prophet) We set out with Allahs Apostle on one of his journeys till we reached Al-Baida' or Dhatul-Jaish, a necklace of mine was broken (and lost). Allah's Apostle stayed there to search for it, and so did the people along with him. There was no water at that place, so the people went to Abu- Bakr As-Siddiq and said, "Don't you see what 'Aisha has done? She has made Allah's Apostle and the people stay where there is no water and they have no water with them." Abu Bakr came while Allah's Apostle was sleeping with his head on my thigh, He said, to me: "You have detained Allah's Apostle and the people where there is no water and they have no water with them. <BR><BR>So he admonished me and said what Allah wished him to say '''and hit me on my flank with his hand'''. Nothing prevented me from moving (because of pain) but the position of Allah's Apostle on my thigh. Allah's Apostle got up when dawn broke and there was no water. So Allah revealed the Divine Verses of Tayammum. So they all performed Tayammum. Usaid bin Hudair said, "O the family of Abu Bakr! This is not the first blessing of yours." Then the camel on which I was riding was caused to move from its place and the necklace was found beneath it.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|132}}|Narrated Aisha: A necklace of mine was lost at Al-Baida' and we were on our way to Medina. The Prophet made his camel kneel down and dismounted and laid his head on my lap and slept. '''Abu Bakr came to me and hit me violently on the chest''' and said, "You have detained the people because of a necklace." I kept as motionless as a dead person because of the position of Allah's Apostle ; (on my lap) although Abu Bakr had hurt me (with the slap). Then the Prophet woke up and it was the time for the morning (prayer). Water was sought, but in vain; so the following Verse was revealed:-- "O you who believe! When you intend to offer prayer.." (5.6) Usaid bin Hudair said, "Allah has blessed the people for your sake, O the family of Abu Bakr. You are but a blessing for them."}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|9|3506}}|Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) came and sought permission to see Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). He found people sitting at his door and none amongst them had been granted permission, but it was granted to Abu Bakr and he went in. Then came 'Umar and he sought permission and it was granted to him, and he found Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) sitting sad and silent with his wives around him. He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: I would say something which would make the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) laugh, so he said: Messenger of Allah, I wish you had seen (the treatment meted out to) the daughter ofKhadija when you asked me some money, and I got up and slapped her on her neck. Allah's Messenger (mav peace be upon him) laughed and said: They are around me as you see, asking for extra money. '''Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) then got up went to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and slapped her on the neck, and 'Umar stood up before Hafsa and slapped her saying:''' You ask Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) which he does not possess. They said: By Allah, we do not ask Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) for anything he does not possess. Then he withdrew from them for a month or for twenty-nine days. Then this verse was revealed to him:" Prophet: Say to thy wives... for a mighty reward" (xxxiii. 28). He then went first to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and said: I want to propound something to you, 'A'isha, but wish no hasty reply before you consult your parents. She said: Messenger of Allah, what is that? He (the Holy Prophet) recited to her the verse, whereupon she said: Is it about you that I should consult my parents, Messenger of Allah? Nay, I choose Allah, His Messenger, and the Last Abode; but I ask you not to tell any of your wives what I have said He replied: Not one of them will ask me without my informing her. God did not send me to be harsh, or cause harm, but He has sent me to teach and make things easy.}}


==Aisha's Age at Consummation and Marriage==
==Aisha's Age at Consummation and Marriage==
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